The Department of Justice launched the “China Initiative” in 2018 to counter national security threats emanating from the People’s Republic of China. That the PRC party-state has been linked to violations of US law is clear. What deserves further scrutiny is how the US government’s use of criminal prosecutions to address a broad “China” threat is at best in tension with foundational principles of the United States’ criminal justice system. Professor Lewis’s presentation will draw upon her new paper.